A safe campfire starts with deciding whether a fire is appropriate at all and ends only when every ember is cold. A ring of rocks does not stop windblown sparks, and flames disappearing does not mean the fire is out. Use these seven checks for a permitted campfire, with the site’s rules taking priority.
1. Check restrictions and conditions first
Confirm current rules with the land manager or local fire authority. Skip the fire in hazardous dry or windy conditions, even if an old fire ring is present. Plan a meal and evening activity that work without flames so you can change plans easily.
2. Use a permitted, suitable fire area
Use an established approved fire area where available. Do not dig a new pit or build a ring unless the site expressly allows it. A homemade boundary is not permission to light a fire, nor does it make an unsuitable location safe.
3. Keep the surroundings clear
The National Park Service’s campfire guidance calls for tents, gear and other flammable objects to be at least 15 feet away and upwind. Follow any greater site-specific separation and check overhead branches. Keep spare wood away from sparks and out of walking routes.
Choose seating positions and a clear exit route before lighting. Do not let chairs, bags or clothing drift closer as the evening continues.
4. Prepare water and tools before lighting
Have enough water for complete extinguishing and a shovel ready. If water is too limited to put the fire out properly, choose a flameless evening. Keep a phone or another way to contact help available, and know the location you would give responders.
5. Keep the fire small and control what goes in
Use permitted firewood and keep the fire manageable. Do not use flammable liquids to start or revive it. Keep rubbish, pressurized containers and other unsuitable materials out. Cool used matches with water before disposing of them appropriately.
6. Assign an attentive adult
Never leave the fire unattended. Keep children and pets back, and do not allow running or games around it. Metal rings and surrounding rocks can remain hot after the visible flames disappear. If the supervising adult needs to leave, another responsible adult must take over or the fire must be extinguished.
7. Drown, stir and check until cold
Follow Smokey Bear’s extinguishing guidance: add plenty of water, stir through the ashes and embers with a shovel, and add more water. Check for remaining heat by hovering the back of your hand above the wet ashes; do not touch hot material. Repeat until everything is cold before leaving or sleeping.
Do not simply bury the fire under dirt or sand, which can leave heat concealed. Allow time for extinguishing while everyone is still awake and attentive.
If fire escapes the intended area
Move people away from danger and call emergency services promptly if fire spreads or becomes uncontrolled. Give your location and alert the ranger or campground host where available. Do not delay evacuation or professional help while trying to save equipment.
