Using Mulch For Drought-Tolerant Landscaping: Types And Benefits

Are you tired of constantly worrying about your garden during those hot, dry months? We’ve got a solution for you! It’s time to consider using mulch in your landscaping.

Not only will it help keep your plants happy and healthy, but it’ll also give you peace of mind knowing that they’re protected from drought conditions.

In this article, we’ll explore the different types of mulch available and how they can benefit your garden during times when water is scarce.

You might be surprised at what a difference this simple addition can make in creating the perfect safe haven for your precious plants.

So sit back, relax, and let us guide you through the wonderful world of mulching!

The Importance Of Water Conservation In Gardening

Water is the lifeblood of any garden, just as it is for every living being on this planet. However, like a double-edged sword, water can also be a scarce and precious resource that needs to be used wisely.

Drought-tolerant landscaping with mulch has emerged as an essential gardening technique in recent years, helping us conserve water while keeping our gardens thriving. Gardening practices that prioritize water conservation not only help reduce your environmental footprint but also keep your wallet happy by lowering your utility bills. Moreover, drought-tolerant landscapes require less maintenance than traditional lawns and gardens, freeing up more time for you to enjoy other activities or simply relax in the beautiful surroundings of your yard.

The use of mulch plays a pivotal role in these low-maintenance landscapes; it helps retain soil moisture, reduces evaporation rates, and prevents weed growth – all factors contributing to reduced water consumption. So what’s the takeaway here?

Well, incorporating mulch into your landscape design serves multiple purposes – from promoting responsible water usage to creating a visually appealing outdoor space. Adopting drought-tolerant gardening techniques demonstrates mindfulness towards the environment and ensures we do our part to protect our planet’s most valuable resource: water. And isn’t that something worth striving for?

What Is Mulch And How Does It Work?

Now that we’ve discussed the benefits of using mulch in a drought-tolerant landscape, you might be wondering exactly what mulch is and how it works.

In simple terms, mulch is a layer of organic or inorganic material placed on top of the soil around your plants. It serves various purposes including conserving moisture, suppressing weeds, regulating soil temperature, and adding nutrients to the soil.

There are several types of mulch available for use in drought-tolerant landscaping. Here’s a quick list to guide you:

  1. Organic Mulches: These include wood chips, bark nuggets, straw, pine needles, leaves, and grass clippings. They decompose over time and help improve the soil’s structure while providing essential nutrients.

  2. Inorganic Mulches: Examples include gravel, pebbles, crushed rock or recycled rubber tires. While they don’t add nutrients to the soil like organic options do; they require less maintenance and last longer making them ideal for areas where water conservation is crucial.

  3. Living Mulches: Groundcovers such as creeping thyme or sedum can act as natural mulch by covering bare ground effectively preventing erosion and limiting evaporation from the soil surface.

Mulching offers many advantages when used correctly in your garden space particularly if you’re aiming for a drought-resistant landscape design. By choosing the right type of mulch for your specific needs and applying it properly around your plants so that their roots remain cool yet moist during hot summer months – this will not only save precious water resources but also create an inviting environment where both people and wildlife feel safe knowing there’s plenty of shade protection from harsh sun rays throughout those long days ahead!

So go ahead embrace sustainable gardening practices today with confidence knowing these valuable tips have equipped you well towards creating healthier landscapes one step at time without compromising beauty functionality nor environmental responsibility factors altogether simultaneously ensuring everyone involved enjoys peace mind all year round no matter what Mother Nature has planned next season!

Organic Mulch Options For Drought-Tolerant Landscapes

Using organic mulch can help create a drought-tolerant landscape.

There are many different types of organic mulches, such as wood chips, straw, and leaves.

These mulches help keep moisture in the soil and reduce weeds.

They also help reduce soil erosion and improve the soil’s fertility.

Organic Mulch Types

There’s a myriad of organic mulch types to choose from, and it’s essential to select the right one for your drought-tolerant landscape. Not only will these options help conserve water, but they also provide added benefits like enhancing soil health and creating a safe haven for beneficial insects.

Let’s explore some popular organic mulches that can make your garden both beautiful and eco-friendly.

One great option is bark or wood chips, which come in various sizes and colors. These are perfect if you’re looking for a natural-looking ground cover that’ll blend seamlessly into your landscape while providing excellent moisture retention. Bark mulch creates an insulating layer on top of the soil, helping reduce evaporation and keeping plant roots cool during hot summer days. Plus, as it breaks down over time, it improves the quality of your soil by adding valuable nutrients.

Another fantastic choice would be straw or hay mulch. It might not look as polished as bark chips, but don’t let appearances deceive you! Straw provides superb insulation that helps maintain consistent soil temperatures – protecting plants from extreme heat or cold – while also conserving moisture effectively. Additionally, using straw encourages earthworms and other helpful critters to move in; this creates healthier soil with better drainage capabilities overall.

So go ahead and give these organic mulch options a try; not only will your drought-tolerant landscape thrive, but you’ll also contribute positively to the environment!

Organic Mulch Benefits

So, you might be wondering what makes organic mulch so special and beneficial for your drought-tolerant landscape. Well, there’s more to it than just water conservation! Besides helping retain moisture in the soil, organic mulches like bark chips or straw offer a plethora of other advantages that’ll make your garden thrive while keeping it safe and eco-friendly.

One major benefit of using organic mulch is its ability to enhance soil health. As these materials decompose over time, they release essential nutrients into the ground – feeding your plants and promoting healthy root growth.

Furthermore, organic mulch creates an inviting environment for all sorts of helpful critters such as earthworms and beneficial insects. These little guys play a crucial role in maintaining good soil structure by aerating it and breaking down organic matter even further.

And let’s not forget about weed control; laying down a layer of organic mulch can significantly reduce unwanted plant growth by blocking sunlight from reaching their seeds.

With all these fantastic benefits, it’s no wonder why many gardeners are turning to organic mulch options for their drought-tolerant landscapes. Not only will you save precious water resources, but you’ll also create a healthier ecosystem within your garden – ensuring that both you and Mother Nature stay happy and protected!

Inorganic Mulch Choices For Water-Saving Gardens

While organic mulch certainly has its place in water-wise landscaping, let’s not forget about the unsung heroes of drought-tolerant gardens: inorganic mulches! These often overlooked options can be a fantastic addition to your garden when you’re aiming to conserve water and create a safe haven for your plants.

In this section, we’ll delve into some popular choices of inorganic mulch that will help keep your precious garden thriving while saving our planet’s most vital resource.

One of the top contenders in the world of inorganic mulching is rock or gravel. The beauty lies in their ability to retain moisture by reducing evaporation from the soil surface, making them perfect for areas with limited rainfall. Additionally, they come in various shapes, sizes, and colors which can add an aesthetically pleasing touch to your landscape design. Rocks also have the added benefit of being fire-resistant, giving you peace of mind knowing that your beloved oasis is protected against wildfires.

Another excellent option for those seeking more sustainable alternatives is rubber mulch made from recycled tires. Not only does it help save landfill space by repurposing waste materials but it also offers numerous benefits similar to its rocky counterpart. Rubber mulch minimizes weed growth due to its dense coverage and insulates plant roots keeping them cool during hot spells while still conserving moisture effectively. Moreover, it provides a cushioned surface that reduces injury risk if used around playgrounds or other high-traffic areas within your property.

So next time you consider updating your landscape design or looking for ways to make it more eco-friendly and secure, give these fabulous non-traditional mulches a chance – Mother Nature and future generations will thank you!

The Role Of Mulch In Reducing Soil Evaporation

One way mulch helps create a drought-tolerant landscape is by reducing soil evaporation. When you spread a layer of mulch over the ground, it acts like a blanket that keeps moisture from escaping too quickly. This means that even when there’s less water to go around, your plants will still have enough to survive and thrive! Plus, with lower levels of evaporation, you won’t need to water as often. That can be reassuring for those who worry about their garden during dry times.

Mulch works its magic by creating a barrier between the sun’s rays and the surface of the soil. As a result, the temperature stays cooler underneath the mulch, which slows down how fast water evaporates.

With different types of mulches available—like wood chips, shredded bark or straw—you can choose one that best suits your specific needs and preferences. Not only do they help conserve water but also add an appealing aesthetic touch to your yard!

So why not give mulching a try? It’s an easy way to make your landscaping more resilient against drought while keeping your plants happy and healthy at the same time. And let’s not forget that using less water saves money on your utility bill!

By choosing this smart gardening technique, you’re taking steps toward protecting both your outdoor space and our planet’s precious resources—an investment worth making for future generations to enjoy safe and beautiful landscapes too!

Mulch As A Means Of Insulating Plant Roots

Mulch is a great way to insulate plant roots and protect them from the elements.

There are many types of mulch to choose from, including organic mulches like straw or wood chips, or inorganic mulches like rocks or plastic.

Using mulch to insulate plants can bring many benefits, such as conserving water, reducing soil erosion, and controlling weeds.

It also helps to maintain soil moisture and keep soil temperatures more consistent.

Types Of Mulch For Insulation

You might be wondering, what types of mulch are best for insulating plant roots? Well, there’s a variety to choose from, and each one has its unique benefits. Some popular choices include organic materials like wood chips, straw, pine needles or bark nuggets. These natural options not only help maintain moisture levels in the soil but also slowly decompose over time, adding valuable nutrients to your landscape.

Now let’s dive into some specific examples!

Wood chips are great because they’re readily available and come in different sizes that cater to your needs. They can provide excellent insulation while giving off a pleasant forest-like aroma as they decompose.

Another option is straw – it’s lightweight, easy to spread and provides good coverage on the ground surface. Straw can even prevent weed growth by blocking sunlight access to those pesky seeds trying to grow where you don’t want them!

Lastly, consider using pine needles or bark nuggets for an extra touch of aesthetic appeal along with their insulation properties. Pine needles create a soft, cushiony layer on top of the soil which helps protect plants’ delicate root systems from harsh weather elements like cold temperatures and heavy rainfall. Bark nuggets have a unique texture that adds visual interest while still providing adequate insulation for plant roots.

So go ahead and explore these various mulching options; your plants will thank you for keeping them safe and sound throughout all kinds of weather conditions!

Benefits Of Mulch Insulation

Now that we’ve explored some great mulch options for insulating plant roots, let’s talk about the benefits of keeping those roots cozy and protected.

Mulching isn’t just a way to make your garden look nice; it also serves as a guardian for your plants’ sensitive root systems. When you use materials like wood chips, straw, pine needles or bark nuggets, you’re creating a barrier between the harsh elements and the delicate parts of your plants that need to stay safe.

By providing insulation with mulch, you help regulate soil temperature which means your plants won’t get too cold in the winter or too hot during summer months. This makes it easier for them to grow strong and healthy without having to constantly adapt to extreme conditions.

Additionally, because these organic materials decompose over time, they release essential nutrients back into the soil which can improve its overall quality – bonus points!

So not only does using mulch keep your garden looking beautiful but it ensures that your plants have a safe haven where they can thrive despite whatever Mother Nature throws their way.

So go ahead and give mulching a try – both you and your plants will feel more secure knowing there’s an extra layer of protection beneath their leaves!

Enhancing Soil Health With Mulch

One of the best things about using mulch in your drought-tolerant landscaping is that it helps improve the health of your soil.

A healthy soil not only supports plant growth but also provides a safe haven for beneficial insects and microorganisms.

When you spread a layer of mulch over your garden, you’re giving these helpful critters a place to live and work their magic on your soil.

Did you know that as mulch breaks down, it adds valuable nutrients back into the ground?

Organic materials like wood chips or leaves decompose slowly, releasing essential elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

These are all important building blocks for strong plants with deep root systems.

And we all know that well-rooted plants can withstand dry spells much better than shallow-rooted ones!

So by enhancing your soil’s fertility with mulch, you’re actually making your landscape more resilient against drought.

Now imagine this: It’s a hot summer day, and the sun is beating down on your precious plants.

Without any protection from those harsh rays, they might struggle to survive – but fear not!

Mulching comes to the rescue once again because it acts like sunscreen for your soil.

The protective barrier created by mulch shields the delicate roots from extreme temperatures while keeping moisture locked in so they don’t have to go thirsty during long periods without rain.

Just think how much happier (and safer) both you and your plants will be knowing that even in tough times, there’s something looking out for them!

Preventing Erosion And Runoff Using Mulch

So, you’ve boosted your soil health with mulch and now have a thriving drought-tolerant landscape. But wait, there’s more! Mulching can also play a significant role in preventing erosion and runoff, ensuring that your outdoor oasis remains intact and safe for years to come.

Picture persistent precipitation pounding the parched ground of your drought-resistant garden. Without adequate protection, this could lead to disastrous consequences such as eroding soil or unwanted water runoff carrying pollutants into nearby bodies of water.

Fear not! A layer of mulch acts as a shield against these destructive forces by absorbing the impact of raindrops, slowing down water flow, and keeping valuable topsoil in place. The result? Your cherished landscaping stays put while simultaneously protecting our precious planet from pollution.

Mulch doesn’t just safeguard your soil; it provides an added layer of defense for plants too! Dense root systems thrive beneath their protective covering, helping them to stand strong against the elements.

As you can see, incorporating mulch into your drought-tolerant landscape is not only beneficial for enhancing soil health but also serves as a reliable ally in the battle against erosion and runoff. So go ahead – apply that extra layer of security to keep your garden looking gorgeous and functioning flawlessly for many seasons to come.

Mulch As A Weed Barrier

One of the greatest benefits of using mulch in drought-tolerant landscaping is its ability to act as a weed barrier. Weeds can be persistent and annoying, hindering the growth of your desired plants while stealing valuable water resources from them. By creating a thick layer of mulch around your plants, you’re making it much more difficult for weeds to take root and grow.

When selecting the right type of mulch to use as a weed barrier, consider these options:

  • Organic Mulches:
  • Bark or wood chips: These are visually appealing and break down slowly over time, enriching the soil with nutrients.
  • Straw or grass clippings: These decompose quickly but are excellent at suppressing weeds when used in thicker layers.
  • Cocoa bean shells: This option has an attractive color and scent, but keep in mind that it may be toxic to pets if ingested.

Each type of mulch comes with its own unique set of advantages for keeping those pesky weeds at bay. Not only do they add beauty and texture to your landscape design, but they also help protect your plants by conserving moisture during those hot summer days.

So don’t worry about struggling with unwanted weeds any longer! Incorporating mulch into your drought-tolerant landscaping plan will make it easier than ever to maintain a beautiful, healthy garden without wasting precious water resources. Plus, you’ll have peace of mind knowing that you’ve taken steps toward creating a safe haven for yourself and your loved ones amidst harsh weather conditions.

Give mulch a try – your plants (and wallet) will thank you.

Aesthetic Benefits Of Mulching Your Garden

Now that we’ve explored how mulch can serve as a powerful ally in the battle against weeds, let’s move on to another exciting aspect of using mulch in your drought-tolerant landscaping: its aesthetic appeal.

Mulching not only helps conserve water and suppress weeds, but it also has the magical ability to transform an ordinary garden into an extraordinary oasis.

The variety of mulches available offers endless opportunities for creativity and customization within your landscape. You can choose from organic options like wood chips, bark nuggets, or straw, which break down over time and enrich the soil with nutrients. Additionally, these materials come in different colors and textures that blend harmoniously with various plant types and color schemes.

If you prefer more durable and low-maintenance alternatives, consider gravel, pebbles, or crushed stone—each providing unique hues and shapes that create striking contrasts among your plants while still offering excellent weed control and moisture retention.

One cannot underestimate the power of visual appeal when striving to make our surroundings feel safe and welcoming. A well-mulched garden provides this sense of comfort by creating a tidy appearance free from unsightly weeds or patches of dry dirt.

Moreover, it acts as insulation during extreme weather conditions such as heatwaves or cold snaps—protecting vulnerable roots from damage while regulating soil temperature. This stability ensures that your beloved plants continue to flourish despite fluctuations outside their natural tolerance range—a testament to how investing in both form and function through mulching promotes lasting beauty while giving us peace of mind knowing that our gardens are prepared for whatever Mother Nature throws at them!

How Can Using Mulch Help in Creating a Drought-Tolerant Lawn?

Using mulch is one of the key tips for drought-tolerant lawn creation. By covering the soil with a layer of mulch, you can prevent moisture loss due to evaporation, retain water in the soil, and reduce weed growth. Mulch also helps regulate soil temperature and improve its overall health, resulting in a healthier, more resilient lawn that requires less watering.

How To Properly Apply Mulch For Maximum Effectiveness

Mulch is great for drought-tolerant landscaping; it helps conserve moisture and protect soil. There are different types of mulch, such as wood chips, grass clippings, leaves, and straw.

To get the most out of mulch, you need to use the right amount. Too little won’t do much, but too much can suffocate your plants. Generally, 2-4 inches is good for most applications.

Make sure the mulch isn’t piled up against the stems of your plants. And keep it away from the base of trees and shrubs, as it can cause rot.

Finally, don’t forget to water your plants after you mulch!

Types Of Mulch

You might be wondering, what types of mulch are best for drought-tolerant landscaping? Don’t worry; we’ve got you covered.

There’s a wide variety of mulches available that can help conserve water and protect your plants during dry periods. Let’s dive into some popular options so you can choose the one that suits your needs.

Organic mulch is an excellent choice for many people because it breaks down over time, enriching the soil with valuable nutrients. Some common organic mulches include shredded bark, wood chips, compost, straw, and even grass clippings! These materials not only help retain moisture but also regulate soil temperatures and suppress weed growth. Plus, they’re environmentally friendly as they decompose naturally – which means less waste in our landfills!

Inorganic mulch is another option to consider if you prefer something more durable than organic materials. This type includes rocks, gravel, or even recycled rubber from tires (talk about resourceful!). Inorganic mulches don’t break down like their organic counterparts but still provide excellent insulation against extreme heat or cold while allowing water to pass through easily. They may offer better overall protection against erosion since they’re heavier and won’t wash away easily in heavy rainstorms – safety first!

Just remember that these materials don’t contribute any nutrients back to the soil like organic ones do, so make sure to replenish them occasionally with other sources such as compost or fertilizer.

Amount Of Mulch

Now that you’ve got a handle on the different types of mulch available, let’s talk about how much mulch you should use to get the most bang for your buck.

After all, you want to make sure your plants are well-protected and cozy without smothering them or wasting valuable resources.

So, what’s the magic number when it comes to applying mulch?

For most scenarios, experts recommend using a 2-4 inch layer of mulch around your plants.

This thickness provides enough insulation to keep soil temperatures stable while maintaining moisture levels just right – not too wet or too dry!

It also helps keep weeds at bay by making it harder for them to grow through such an obstacle course (take that, pesky intruders!).

Be mindful not to pile the mulch directly against plant stems or tree trunks as this can cause rot and invite pests; instead, leave a little breathing room so they can live their best life.

So go ahead and grab your gloves, rake up some organic goodness (or inorganic if that’s more your style), and give those plants a nice comfy blanket of protection – because everyone deserves to feel safe and secure in their environment.

Remember: with the right amount of mulch applied correctly, you’re one step closer to having a healthy, drought-resistant landscape that will thrive even during challenging times.

Moisture Conservation

Speaking of challenging times, let’s talk about one of the most important benefits of mulching: moisture conservation.

You know how frustrating it is when your plants are constantly thirsty and you have to water them all the time? Well, with proper mulch application, you can help reduce that problem!

By keeping a nice layer of mulch around your plants, you’re creating an environment where moisture sticks around instead of evaporating quickly under the harsh sun. This means less frequent watering for you (yay!), and more consistent hydration for those precious green friends in your garden.

Moisture conservation isn’t just great for our convenience – it also plays a vital role in making sure our landscapes stay resilient during dry spells or droughts.

When soil retains more moisture thanks to mulching, plant roots don’t have to search as desperately for water sources; this helps prevent stress on their systems and keeps them healthier overall.

Plus, by cutting down on excess evaporation, we’re doing our part to conserve valuable water resources in our communities – now that’s something worth feeling good about!

So next time you’re out there working hard to give your landscape some TLC, remember that applying mulch isn’t just about aesthetics or weed control – it’s also helping create a safer haven for your plants by conserving essential moisture they need to thrive.

Happy mulching!

Tips For Choosing The Right Mulch For Your Specific Needs

Now that you know the types and benefits of using mulch for drought-tolerant landscaping, it’s time to select the right one for your specific needs. With so many options available, making a choice can feel overwhelming. But don’t worry! We have some helpful tips to guide you in finding the perfect mulch for your garden.

Firstly, consider the plants you have or plan to grow in your landscape. Some plants prefer an acidic environment while others thrive in alkaline conditions. Pine needle mulch is excellent for acid-loving plants like blueberries and azaleas, whereas wood chip and bark mulches are suitable for most other plants.

Also, think about the overall look you desire for your garden. Mulches come in various colors and textures; pick one that complements the style of your outdoor space.

Lastly, keep safety as a top priority when choosing mulch. Although rubber mulch may seem like an attractive option due to its ability to retain moisture and prevent weed growth, it can become extremely hot under direct sunlight – posing a risk if touched by children or pets. Instead, opt for organic materials such as wood chips or shredded leaves which provide similar benefits without compromising on safety.

By considering these factors and prioritizing safety, selecting the ideal mulch will be a breeze!

Frequently Asked Questions

Can Mulch Be Used Around All Types Of Plants, Or Are There Specific Species That Do Not Benefit From Mulching?

Like a versatile hat shielding plants from the harsh sun, mulch can be used around most types of plants to offer protection and help conserve moisture.

However, there are some specific species that may not benefit as much from mulching.

For instance, plants requiring well-drained soil or those prone to root rot might suffer if mulched too heavily.

It’s essential to do your homework and learn about the needs of each plant in your garden before applying mulch so you can create a safe haven for them all to thrive.

In general, though, using mulch is an effective way to keep your garden healthy and happy during dry spells—just make sure it suits every inhabitant!

How Often Should Mulch Be Replaced Or Replenished In A Drought-Tolerant Landscape?

In a drought-tolerant landscape, it’s important to keep an eye on your mulch and replenish or replace it as needed. Generally, you should check your mulch at least once a year, preferably in the springtime when plants are beginning to grow again.

If the mulch has decomposed significantly or is less than 2-3 inches deep, it’s time to add more! By maintaining a proper layer of mulch, you’ll not only help conserve water but also protect your plants’ roots from harsh temperatures and prevent weed growth.

So go ahead and give your garden that extra layer of safety by keeping its ‘blanket’ fresh and cozy!

Are There Any Potential Downsides Or Risks To Using Mulch In A Garden, Such As Attracting Pests Or Causing Root Rot?

While mulch can be a gardener’s best friend, it’s not without its dark side.

There are potential downsides to using mulch in your garden, such as attracting unwanted pests or causing root rot.

Some types of mulch may provide the perfect hiding spot for insects like termites and ants, which could eventually lead to an infestation in your home.

Additionally, if you lay on too much mulch or don’t allow enough air circulation around plants, you run the risk of creating conditions that encourage mold growth or root rot.

So while mulching provides numerous benefits, remember to use it wisely and keep an eye out for any signs of trouble lurking beneath the surface.

Can Mulch Be Combined With Other Water-Saving Techniques, Such As Drip Irrigation Or Rainwater Harvesting, For Even Greater Water Conservation?

Absolutely! Mulch can be combined with other water-saving techniques like drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting for even greater water conservation.

By using mulch alongside these methods, you’re creating a safe haven for your plants where they’ll have the best chance at thriving in dry conditions.

Drip irrigation systems deliver water directly to plant roots, reducing evaporation and runoff, while rainwater harvesting captures and stores rainfall for later use.

Adding mulch on top of this not only helps retain moisture but also prevents weed growth that would compete with your plants for precious water resources.

So go ahead and combine these awesome strategies to keep your garden healthy and happy while saving water too!

Can I Create My Own Mulch From Garden Waste, Or Is It Better To Purchase Commercially Available Mulch Products?

Absolutely, you can create your own mulch from garden waste! In fact, it’s a great way to recycle and make use of materials like leaves, grass clippings, and small branches.

Homemade mulch not only helps conserve water but also provides essential nutrients for your plants as it decomposes.

However, if you don’t have enough garden waste or need a specific type of mulch for your drought-tolerant landscaping project, purchasing commercially available mulch products is a convenient alternative.

Either way, using mulch in combination with other water-saving techniques will keep your garden healthy while minimizing water usage – giving you peace of mind throughout those dry months.

Conclusion

In conclusion, dear gardeners, mulch is truly the superhero of drought-tolerant landscaping. It swoops in to save the day by protecting our precious plants and conserving water like a true environmental warrior.

There’s no need to worry about those pesky downsides when you’ve got this mighty hero on your side.

So go ahead! Combine mulch with other amazing techniques like drip irrigation or even create your own from humble garden waste.

As we battle against thirstier landscapes, let us embrace the power of mulch and continue to nurture our beloved gardens.

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